余对方舟子先生之义举一向敬仰之，惜乎科学素养低下，无法助其一臂之力，唯有在自己熟悉的GMAT领域举起义旗，意在荡涤江湖上所有妖道，不论是否出自某机构，所谓之“偏好”、规律，希望能高扬科学判断，理性分析，辩证思维之大旗，提高广大考生的逻辑思辨能力。

本期为第二讲，主题是，主动语态优先被动语态？

应该说，这个提法不是完全地错误，只是在执行过程中，很容易被学生错误操作成，一见到被动语态的选项就杀。因为学生并不懂得执行这个规律的前提。

先看一道符合该规律的题目：

PREP 232题

Although the restaurant company has recently added many new restaurants across the country and its sales have increased dramatically, its sales at restaurants open for more than a year have declined.

A. the restaurant company has recently added many new restaurants across the country and its sales have increased dramatically, its

B. the restaurant company has recently added many new restaurants across the country and its sales increased dramatically, its

C. many new restaurants have recently been opened across the country and its sales increased dramatically, the restaurant company's

D. having recently added many new restaurants across the country and with its sales increasing dramatically, the restaurant company's

E. recently adding many new restaurants across the country and having its sales increase dramatically, the restaurant company's

本题的正确选项是A，注意C是一个被动语态的选项。但是排除C的原因，并非因为它写成了被动语态，而是C中的这个it，由于主语被改成了restaurants，导致无法指代。这才是真正的原因。也就是说，写成被动语态本身并不是什么致命的错误，真正导致出错的，实际上很可能是由于句子写成了被动语态带来的句子主语的变化，导致其和前后部分产生了不一致关系。明白这个真正的内因，才能深刻理解英语句子调换了语序，对修饰关系带来的影响。

再看两道和所谓“规律”矛盾的题目。

Imported intoMassachusettsformEuropein 1869, the gypsy moth was used by a French scientist in an attempt at developing a strong strain of silk-producing insects, crossing gypsy moths with adult silkworms.

1. Imported intoMassachusettsfromEuropein 1869, the gypsy moth was used by a French scientist in an attempt at developing a strong strain of silk-producing insects, crossing gypsy moths with adult silkworms.
2. Imported intoMassachusettsformEuropein 1869, a French scientist was attempting to develop a strong strain of silk-producing insects by crossing gypsy moths with adult silkworms.
3. To cross gypsy moths with adult silkworms, in attempting the development of a strong strain of silk-producing insects, a French scientist in 1869 imported the gypsy moth intoMassachusettsfromEurope.
4. The gypsy moth was imported intoMassachusettsfromEuropein 1869 by a French scientist attempting to develop a strong strain of silk-producing insects by crossing gypsy moths with adult silkworms.
5. In an attempt at the development of a strong strain of silk-producing insects, a French scientist, importing the gypsy moth from Europe intoMassachusettsin1869 inorder to cross gypsy moths and adult silkworms.

此题答案是D

为何此题要采用被动语态？因为作者在组织语序的过程中发现，只有采取被动语态，才能在一句话里面承载所有信息，而不至于出现修饰问题。另外，采取了主动语态的B选项恰恰是错误选项，因为科学家被置于句首，导致无法被主句之前的“Imported。。。。”修饰。

Regardless of their form or function, all aerodynamically enhanced, curved objects made for throwing have been called boomerangs by non-Australians even since 1788, when Europeans saw Dharug-speaking men tossing “bumariny” in the area later known asSydney.

1. Regardless of their form or function, all aerodynamically enhanced, curved objects made for throwing have been called boomerangs by non-Australians ever since 1788,
2. Regardless of their form or function, any aerodynamically enhanced, curved object made for throwing has been called a boomerang by non-Australians ever since 1788,
3. Ever since 1788, non-Australians have called all aerodynamically enhanced, curved objects made for throwing boomerangs, regardless of their form or function, from
4. Ever since 1788, any aerodynamically enhanced, curved object made for throwing has been called a boomerang by non-Australians, regardless of its form or function, from
5. Non-Australians have called all aerodynamically enhanced, curved objects made for throwing boomerangs ever since 1788, regardless of their form or function, from

此题答案为A，也是被动语态。为何？本题解题有很多切入点，一个巧妙的切入点就是利用“regardless of their form or function”.这一修饰部分，无论摆前摆后，都是用于修饰主句主语的，这就已经注定了，主句的主语只能是objects，而不能是人，有种姻缘早被注定的感觉。使用主动语态的选项反而是错的。

再看一题

3 The first commercially successful drama to depict Black family life sympathetically and the first play by a Black woman to be produced on Broadway, it was Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun that won the New York Drama Critics’ Circle Award in 1959, and was later made into both a film and a musical.

1. it was Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun that won the New York Drama Critics’ Circle Award in 1959, and was later made
2. in1959 A Raisin in the Sun, by Lorraine Hansberry, won the New York Drama Critics’ Circle Award and was later made
3. Lorraine Hansberry won the New York Drama Critics’ Circle Award for A Raisin in the Sun in 1959, and it was later made
4. Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun won the New York Drama Critics’ Circle Award in 1959 and was later made
5. A Raisin in the Sun, by Lorraine Hansberry, won the New York Drama Critics’ Circle Award in 1959, and later made it

本题答案是D，使用了主动语态的E选项反而是错的。因为made的真正发出者不是E中显示的那本书。也就是说，逻辑意思比所谓的主动被动更重要。

讲到这，诸君可能已经若有所悟。主动和被动，只是形式的区别，真正决定句子对错的，更多是逻辑意思。主动也好，被动也好，只是一个表象，要做出正确的判断，一定要明白写成主动或者被动形式，带来了句子什么样的修饰关系或者逻辑意思的变化，才是得其神韵。

留一题供诸君思考，这题判断对错的依据是什么？是主动被动吗？

The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) had long been expected to announce a reduction in output to bolster sagging oil prices, but officials of the organization just recently announced that the group will pare daily production by 1.5 million barrels by the beginning of next year, but only if non-OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, and Russia, were to trim output by a total of 500,000 barrels a day.

1. year, but only if non-OPEC nations, includingNorway,Mexico, andRussia, were to trim output
2. year, but only if the output of non-OPEC nations, which includesNorway,Mexico, andRussia, is trimmed
3. year only if the output of non-OPEC nations, includingNorway,Mexico, andRussia, would be trimmed
4. year only if non-OPEC nations, which includesNorway,Mexico, andRussia, were trimming output
5. year only if non-OPEC nations, includingNorway,Mexico, andRussia, trim output