它们被某机构鼓吹为必错,总是最先被弃于选择之外,它们总是被OG用akward/wordy等一个简单的描述,轻轻地贴上了标签,却与谁人诉?

然而,总有那么一些顽强的绿芽,穿透冰雪覆盖的土原,要和那众生,摆摆理,说说那自己存在的价值。

 

一  为什么being、having会出错?

与前两讲分析的原理一样,简单地把having、being视为必错选项,实质上是犯了形而上的思维谬误,简单地对有限的历史样本进行回归,而忽略了背后的逻辑分析,因而极其容易被命题老头进行反向设计。

任何表象必有其内在原因,主要来说,把having/being置于死地的主要是这么几种原因:

(1)你丫真的多余了:being + 形容词或者名词或过去分词,构成一个句子的状语的时候,如

Being very tired, Sam go to the toilet.

这个being就是可以省略的,根据英语语法,也必须省略。

此题的B选项也类似该情况。

She was less successful after she had emigrated to New York compared to her native Germany, photographer Lotte Jacobi nevertheless earned a small group of discerning admirers, and her photographs were eventually exhibited in prestigious galleries across the United States.
A. She was less successful after she had emigrated to New York compared to
B. Being less successful after she had emigrated to New York as compared to
C. Less successful after she emigrated to New York than she had been in
D. Although she was less successful after emigrating to New York when compared to
E. She had been less successful after emigrating to New York than in

这个being就是可以拿掉的,当然,必须反复指出,该选项的毛病必不限于being一处。

 

此题的B选项也是同一情况

The thirteen original British colonies in North America, some formed as commercial ventures,others as religious havens, each had a written charter that set forth its form of government and the rights of the colonists.
A. some formed as commercial ventures, others as religious havens, each had a written charter

B. some being formed as a commercial venture, others as religious havens, all of which had written charters 
C. some that formed as commercial ventures, others as religious havens, all had written charters
D. with some being formed as a commercial venture, others as religious havens, all had a written charter
E. with some formed as commercial ventures, while others as religious havens, each had a written charter

 

(2)受累于独立主格结构之类的吃力不讨好的写法,由be被迫变成分词being,或者被强迫名词化,受牵连而错。如上题的D选项

D. with some being formed as a commercial venture, others as religious havens, all had a written charter

还有此题的A选项

For the last five years the Dutch economy has grown faster than Britain, France, or Germany,
with the unemployment rate having remained
 well below that of the other three countries.
A. Britain, France, or Germany, with the unemployment rate having remained 
B. have those of Britain, France, or Germany, and the unemployment rate remaining
C. have Britain, France, and Germany, and the unemployment rate has remained
D. the economy of Britain, France, and Germany, with the unemployment rate that has
remained
E. the economies of Britain, France, and Germany, and the unemployment rate has remained

再有

D. Executives’ being heavily committed to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past

上面就是被迫名词化,承担了自己无法承担的功能,你说你用committment多好啊

(3)由于其出现,导致了句子谓语缺失,如此题的E选项

Dressed as a man and using the name Robert Shurtleff, Deborah Sampson, the first woman to draw a soldier's pension, joined the Continental Army in 1782 at the age of 22, was injured three times, and was discharged in 1783 because she had become too ill to serve.
A. 22, was injured three times, and was discharged in 1783 because she had become
B. 22, was injured three times, while being discharged in 1783 because she had become
C. 22 and was injured three times, and discharged in 1783, being
D. 22, injured three times, and was discharged in 1783 because she was
E. 22, having been injured three times and discharged in 1783, being

以下这题2种情况都出现了

 

223. (33083-!-item-!-188;#058&007226) (T-4-Q16)
Humans have been damaging the environment for centuries by overcutting trees and
farming too intensively, and though some protective measures, like the establishment of
national forests and wildlife sanctuaries, having been taken decades ago, great increases in
population
 and in the intensity of industrialization are causing a worldwide ecological crisis.
A. though some protective measures, like the establishment of national forests and wildlife
sanctuaries, having been taken decades ago, great increases in population
B. though some protective measures, such as the establishment of national forests and
wildlife sanctuaries, were taken decades ago, great increases in population
C. though some protective measures, such as establishing national forests and wildlife sanctuaries having been taken decades ago, great population increases              无谓语
D. with some protective measures, like establishing national forests and wildlife sanctuaries that were taken decades ago, great increases in population
E. with some protective measures, such as the establishment of national forests and wildlife sanctuaries, having been taken decades ago, great population increases          被with所累

 

(4)虽然别扭,都是自身并无硬伤,是由于与句子其它部分产生不一致关系而错。如

 

214. (31773-!-item-!-188;#058&006602) (GWD-8-Q1:GWD-13-13)
Being that she was secretary of labor, Frances Perkins' considerable influence with Franklin D.Roosevelt was used preventing him from restraining strikes by longshoremen and automobile workers.
A. Being that she was secretary of labor, Frances Perkins' considerable influence with Franklin D. Roosevelt was used preventing
B. As secretary of labor, Frances Perkins' considerable influence with Franklin D. Roosevelt was used to prevent
C. Being secretary of labor, Frances Perkins' considerable influence with Franklin D. Roosevelt was used preventing
D. As secretary of labor, Frances Perkins used her considerable influence with Franklin D. Roosevelt to prevent
E. Secretary of labor, Frances Perkins' considerable influence was used with Franklin D.Roosevelt preventing

某论坛直接用being 杀掉AC是不对的。这里AC虽然别扭,但是最关键的问题,是这两句的主语是influence,与主句前面的修饰部分不对应。如果广大考生都按某机构所言,猛杀being,就会错过这道题目的真正训练意义,这也是大仙我最反对的。

5)本来没有进行感觉,用了being之后被强行加上了。如

For protection from the summer sun, the Mojave lived in open-sided, flat-topped dwellings known as shades, each a roof of poles and arrowweed supported by posts set in a rectangle.

1.     each a roof of poles and arrowweed

2.     each a roof of poles and arrowweed that are being 这动作就定在那儿了,不用做吧。

3.     with each being a roof of poles and arrowweed 

4.     with roofs of poles and arrowweed to be

5.     with roofs of poles and arrowweed that are

 

 

 

(6)该选项其它地方大错,拖累它们了。这种情况是最冤的。但是某机构会很轻松地利用它们把这题解释过去,实际上对广大同学产生了误导。如

 

Charles Lindbergh, for his attempt at a solo transatlantic flight, was very reluctant to have any extra weight on his plane, he therefore refused to carry even a pound of mail, despite being offered $1,000 to do so.

1.     Charles Lindbergh, for his attempt at a solo transatlantic flight, was very reluctant to have any extra weight on his plane, he therefore

2.     When Charles Lindbergh was attempting his solo transatlantic flight, being very reluctant to have any extra weight on his plane, he

3.     Since he was very reluctant to carry any extra weight on his plane when he was attempting his solo transatlantic flight, so Charles Lindbergh

4.     Being very reluctant to carry any extra weight on his plane when he attempted his solo transatlantic flight was the reason that Charles Lindbergh

5.     Very reluctant to have any extra weight on his plane when he attempted his solo transatlantic flight, Charles Lindbergh

 

此题的D选项一直被简单解释为being不好,实际上此题being做主语用并无大问题,真正出问题的是本句的宏观修饰结构,留意划线外面的 黑体部分,这几个字限定了本句的主语必须是Charles L。

实际上,上一组题的 

each a roof of poles and arrowweed that are being

也有其它硬伤,就是主谓一致。本题的主语是单数呢。这也给我们考生一个启示,一定不要纠缠于是否用being判断对错上面,而应该坚定地寻找更硬的判定原则

 

二 being、having也会对

 

 

 

255. (29858-!-item-!-188;#058&004408) (GWD-12-Q19)
Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.
A. Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.
B. An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that worked well in the past, makes missing signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting ones likely when they do appear.
C. An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action is likely to miss or misinterpret signs of incipient trouble when they do appear, especially if it has worked well in the past.
D. Executives’ being heavily committed to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes them likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting them when they do appear.
E. Being heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that has worked well in the past, is likely to make an executive miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.

此题选E, Being用得一点问题也没有,分词做句子主语。

A mixture of poems and short fiction, Jean Toomer's Cane has been called one of the three best novels ever written by Black Americans—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man 
A. Black Americans—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison,author of Invisible Man

B. Black Americans—including Native Son by Richard Wright and Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison

C. a Black American—including Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison,author of Invisible Man
D. a Black American—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man
E. a Black American—the others being Richard Wright's Native Son and Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man

 

此题选E,一个简练的独立主格结构

 

 

 

 

Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the
brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are
 now drawing solid conclusions about
how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language.
A. Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years
about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are
B. Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its
development from birth to adulthood over the past twenty years, and are
C. Neuroscientists amassing a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from
birth to adulthood over the past twenty years, and are
D. Neuroscientists have amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about
the brain and its development from birth to adulthood,
E. Neuroscientists have amassed, over the past twenty years, a wealth of knowledge about
the brain and its development from birth to adulthood,

此题选A,having正确地传递了两个动作之间的先后关系。

 

那些忧伤的having,being,但愿你们的故事,不要被匆匆掠过。。。。